Louis le quatorzième [2]

Louis le quatorzième [2], première mise en ligne par boxjf1966.

Louis XIV, named at birth Louis-Dieudonné and subsequently dubbed the Sun King or Louis the Great (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, September 5, 1638 - Versailles, 1 September 1715) is from May 14, 1643 until at his death, King of France and Navarre, the third of the Bourbon dynasty Capetian. Louis XIV, ruled for 72 years: he is the head of state who has ruled for as long as France and the monarch who ruled the longest in Europe.
Louis XIV accedes to the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but after a minority very marked by the revolt of the Fronde (1648-1653), he assumes personal control of government until the death of his minister Principal, Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661. It then takes over the chief minister and accentuates its direct role in the state after the death of his powerful ministers Colbert (1683) and Louvois (1691). His reign marked the apogee of the construction of an ancient royal absolutism by divine right. His absolute authority is deployed with the late great aristocratic revolts, parliamentarians, Protestant and peasant, which marked the life of the kingdom for over a century.
Louis XIV increases the territory of France and its power in Europe. It takes diplomacy and warfare at will by fighting for several series of European wars. He fortified the cities conquered by Vauban and surrounds and the new frontiers of their "iron belt" through a policy of territorial "turf" that streamlines and redraws the boundaries of the country.
His personal rule also coincides with an effort at economic development, commercial and colonial authorities through his minister Colbert, the economic component of the search for the predominantly French. The cultural prestige is affirmed by the presence of artistic figures protected by royal patronage, such as Molière, Racine, Boileau, Lully, Le Brun and Le Nôtre. Other, more independent, such as La Fontaine, poet, philosopher Blaise Pascal, the epistolary Madame de Sevigne, La Bruyere the moralist or the memoirist Saint-Simon's reign are also the heyday of French classicism history. Under his reign, France acquires preeminence European economic, political and military, and the prestige of France, its people, its language spoken by the elite and throughout Europe, and of course the king can during his lifetime, to speak of the "Age of Louis XIV," modeled on the centuries of Pericles and Augustus, or "Grand Siècle".
The king is also establishing a centralized and absolutist. He runs after 1682 since the vast palace of Versailles, he ordered the construction. The latter, architectural model many European palaces, is part of a sophisticated label to which it submits the court nobility, he held tightly in hand with him. Louis XIV also reduces the role of Parliaments, represses peasant revolts against taxation, maintains a long standoff with the Jansenists and took the controversial decision of revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. The end of his long reign was marred by the exodus of Protestants persecuted by a series of military setbacks by the murderous famines of 1693 and 1709, causing revolt by the war Camisards, and numerous deaths in the royal family. But the regency of his successor, Louis XV, aged five years after the death of his great-grandfather, runs smoothly, reflecting the stability of the kingdom established by the monarch.
Inhabited by the idea of his glory and his divine right, anxious to perform his ongoing "kingly," Louis XIV became the archetypal absolute monarch.